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Grozny ballistic missile attack
The Grozny ballistic missile attack was a wave of Russian ballistic missile strikes on the Chechen capital Grozny on October 21, 1999, early in the Second Chechen War. The attack killed at least 118 people according to initial reports,〔(Russians in disarray over Grozny strike ), ''The Guardian'', October 23, 1999〕 mostly civilians, or at least 137 immediate dead according to the HALO Trust count.〔(The October 21, 1999, Cluster Bomb Attack on the Grozny Market ), Mennonite Central Committee, 2000 〕 Hundreds of people were also injured, many of them later died.
==The attack==
The first reports from the region suspected the use of Scud missiles (SS-1).〔(60 dead as Russian missiles hit Grozny ), ''The Independent'', October 22, 1999〕 The hypersonic missiles, ten in number according to Chechen officials (other sources reported less),〔 fell without warning, as the Chechen air defense system was destroyed in the earlier Russian air strikes. The explosions occurred at around 1815 hours in several areas of the capital, mostly in the downtown area and including the crowded, central outdoor marketplace.
Two of the missiles exploded outside the city's only functioning maternity hospital, which was located near Aslan Maskhadov's presidential palace building (the palace itself was not damaged in the attack), and near the city's main post office.〔(Russian rockets hit Grozny market ), ''The Guardian'', October 22, 1999〕 Another missile hit the mosque in the village of Kalinina, a suburb of Grozny.〔(Russians at odds over market attack ), BBC News, October 22, 1999〕 According to official Chechen sources, about 30–35 people died at the hospital; a correspondent for the AFP counted 27 bodies, most of them women and newborn babies.〔(World: Europe: Rockets blast Grozny ), BBC News, October 21, 1999〕 Most of the casualties from the post office strike seemed to have been people waiting for public transport outside the building, as several buses were at the stop at the moment of the explosion.〔 In the Kalinina mosque, some 41 people who had gathered for evening prayer were said to have been killed.〔(Open Letter to the United Nations from the Secretary General of Amnesty International ), Amnesty International, November 2, 1999〕
Most of the casualties occurred at the central market, which was filled with hundreds of shoppers at the time of the attack. The victims were not limited to Chechens, but included also many ethnic Russians and others. A rain of large ball-shaped shrapnel from the cluster munition airbursts showered the market, nearby streets, and open-air cafés, with each blast affecting a large area. According to an investigation by Human Rights Watch, the first explosion hit a building about northeast of the bazaar at the corner of the city's main Prospekt Svobody and Mira streets, and adjacent to a city bus caught in traffic. However, most of the marketplace deaths came from the second and third explosions, which occurred within 100 yards of each other in the central bazaar area, "near the flowers and confectionery stalls."〔 According to the Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty correspondent Andrei Babitsky, the worst hit area was the so-called ''kolkhoz'' sector of the market, located near the building of the Chechen military headquarters.〔 Reuters reporter Maria Eismont counted at least 90 bodies on the scene,〔 while the local AFP correspondent said he witnessed 17 corpses recovered from the market.〔 Some time afterwards, another missile fell about 200 meters from the bazaar, claiming the life of Supian Ependiyev, the first journalist to be killed while covering the Second Chechen War.〔(Correspondent killed in Grozny rocket attack ), Committee to Protect Journalists, November 5, 1999〕
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